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The Silent Intifada〔(Jerusalem's 'Silent Intifada' )〕〔 (other names given include urban intifada,〔〔(Unrest in Jerusalem simmers months after end of Gaza War )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/10/east-jerusalem-violence-discrimination-neglect-education.html )〕 Firecracker intifada, car intifada, Jerusalem intifada, and Third intifada〔〔) is a term occasionally used to refer to an increase in violence focused in Jerusalem in 2014, especially from July of that year.〔Nathan Thrall, ('Rage in Jerusalem,' ) London Review of Books Vol. 36 No. 23 4 December 2014, pages 19-21.'The current upsurge in protests and violence has been called the silent intifada, the individual intifada, the children’s intifada, the firecracker intifada, the car intifada, the run-over intifada, the Jerusalem intifada and the third intifada. But what it most closely resembles isn’t the First (1987-93) or the Second (2000-05) Intifada but the surge in unco-ordinated, leaderless violence that preceded the largely non-lethal protests in the early part of the First Intifada..'〕 Although the name "silent intifada," appears to have been coined in the summer of 2014, suggestions that there should be or already is an incipient have been circulated by activists, columnists, journalists and on social media since 2011.〔 Commentators have pointed out the varying utility to the Palestinian and Israeli left, right, and center of not only of naming, but of asserting or denying that there is or is about to be a new intifada.〔 More than 150 attacks are estimated to have occurred in July and August 2014. By October some news sources, and Israeli politicians from both the far right and far left, were referring to the wave of attacks as a Third Intifada (following the First Intifada from 1987–93, and the Second Intifada from 2000–05), although many journalists and Israeli analysts in the security establishment deny the events have amounted to a full scale intifada.〔〔 Hamas and the Palestinian Authority have repeatedly called for "a day of rage" against Israel in solidarity with the "Jerusalem intifada."〔Inna Lazareva, ("Hamas Calls For Third Intifada" ), ''The Telegraph'', 25 July 2014.〕 The Telegraph , noting that riots had occurred on a daily basis as a Palestinian reaction to the Kidnapping and murder of Mohammed Abu Khdeir, reported this as a call for the start of a third intifada.〔 Marwan Barghouti, a leader of both the First and Second Intifada has also made calls for a Third Intifada.〔Umberto Bacchi, ("Marwan Barghouti Calls Third Intifada Against Israel" ), ibtimes.co.uk; accessed 21 November 2014.〕 According to Al-Jazeera and ''Al-Monitor'', the probability of such an outbreak might arise from frustrations of a harsh economic situation and the lack of a diplomatic future for resolving longstanding issues, namely the breakdown of the 2013–14 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks, increasing Israeli settlement in the Palestinian territories and attempts by Israel to get a foothold on the Haram al-Sharif/Temple Mount. IDF, and Shin Bet assessments in 2013 indicated growing unrest in the occupied territories that might catalyze lone wolf operations.〔Khalid Amayreh,('Is a Third Intifada in the offing? ,' ) Al-Jazeera 18 November 2014.〕 ==Terminology and precedents== Since the Six Day War, Palestinians have engaged in two uprisings against Israel. These revolts are normally referred by the Arabic word ''intifada,'' meaning to "shudder", from a root meaning "to shake off".〔Kenneth W. Stein, "The Intifada and the Uprising of 1936-1939: A Comparison of the Palestinian Arab Communities", in Robert Owen Freedman (editor)'s (''The Intifada: Its Impact on Israel, the Arab World, and the Superpowers'' ), University Press of Florida (1991), p. 32, n.2.〕 The First Intifada was an unarmed act of civil disobedience rather than a resort to violence, according to Anthony Cordesman,〔Anthony H. Cordesman, Jennifer Moravitz (''The Israeli-Palestinian War: Escalating to Nowhere'' ), Greenwood Publishing Group (2005), p. 284.〕 that broke out in late 1987 and lasted roughly 6 years, and according to B'tselem claimed a total of 1,489 Palestinian deaths, 113 of whom were killed by Israeli civilians, and 185 Israeli lives.〔() Jerusalem Media & Communication Centre, 27 May 2009.〕 The second, known as Al-Aqsa Intifada, erupted in the aftermath of a walk by Ariel Sharon on the Temple Mount in September 2000 among other tensions during that time, and lasted five years. Some 3,500 Palestinians and 1,100 Israelis were killed during those five years, but the violence did not cease. Overall since start of the decade until 2010, more than 5,000 Palestinians and 1,000 Israelis were killed.〔('10 years to the second Intifada – summary of data" ), B'tselem, 27 September 2010.〕 Mention of the outbreak of a 3rd Intifada long predates the circumstances of late 2014.〔 Other sources describe the "methodical campaign of arrest and assassination by Israel" of mid-level and senior-level leadership across the Palestinian political spectrum, resulting in 40,000 arrests and more than 300 assassinations, as the reason for Hamas and Al-Fatah not having an appetite for a third uprising. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Silent Intifada」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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